Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome is a potentially life-threatening issue. It is caused by the HIV. HIV attacks and weakens the immune system, specifically the CD4+ T cells, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a critical role in the body's defence against infections. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe immunosuppression and increased vulnerability to opportunistic infections, which are infections that take advantage of a weakened immune system. Common opportunistic infections associated with AIDS include pneumonia, tuberculosis, candidiasis (a fungal infection), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and various types of cancers, among others.
The symptoms of AIDS can vary widely depending on the opportunistic infections or cancers that may develop, but they may include persistent fever, fatigue, weight loss, frequent infections, skin rashes, night sweats, diarrhea, oral thrush, and swollen lymph nodes, among others. There are various diagnostic procedures that are usually recommended by the doctor for diagnosing the HIV/AIDS such as AIDS/HIV 1 and 2 Antibody, HIV Viral Load, HIV 1 and 2 Elisa, HIV PCR etc.
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If there is an antigen and antibody test which is performed by the lab by extracting blood from the vein and this would usually detect HIV within 18 to 45 days after the exposure. There is also another rapid antigen/antibody test that would be available using a finger stick. The Antigen and an antibody tests that would do with blood from the finger stick can take 18 to 90 days after exposure.
Any rapid antigen/antibody test that is done with a drop of blood taken from the finger stick that can usually detect HIV 18 to 90 days after an exposure. The antigen/antibody is done by lab test using blood from the vein that would usually detect HIV 18 to 45 days after the exposure. The nucleic acid test (NAT) will be detecting HIV from about 10 to 33 days after the exposure.
The tests that is able to confirm diagnosis of HIV. There are about two main methods to be diagnosing the HIV infection.
These tests are as follows:
Your Serological test is mostly applied to the adults and the children that are over the age of 18 months to detect antibodies.
The normal range of the CD4 count is 500 to 1500 cell/mm^3. If there is a patient that is left untreated, if the levels tend to drop below the level of 200 cells/mm^3, there would be one indication for diagnosis of AIDS.
In case of urine sample could be used fo rELISA, but this is known to be less accurate than any blood or an oral fluid test. If there is a positive (reactive) ELISA for the entire sample, thye must be used with the follow-up (confirmatory) test, for example: Western blot test, to make a proper positive diagnosis.
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