Glycophorin-A (CD235a) Test Cost and Procedure

It has been suggested that glycophorin A, which carries the antigenic determinants for the MN and Ss blood groups, gives erythrocytes a sizable mucin-like surface that reduces aggregation in circulation. As CD71 expression occurs before Glycophorin A expression but disappears as normoblasts progress into adult red blood cells, anti-glycophorin and anti-transferrin receptor (CD71) can be used together to distinguish between different stages of erythroid differentiation (RBCs).

What is Glycophorin A?

• One of the two transmembrane proteins visible on the outer surface of typical human erythrocytes is glycophorin A (sialoglycoprotein alpha).
• Without reacting with glycophorin D, this monoclonal antibody recognises an epitope on the extracellular domain of glycophorin A.
• (glycophorin delta)Glycophorin A is expressed in normal human erythrocytes at all stages of development, from the normoblast to the adult erythrocyte.
• In cases of erythroleukemia, glycophorin A has also been discovered in the blast cells. Myeloblastic and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cases do not respond to treatment.

Preparation

In this situation, a specimen stained with blood is needed. The specimen can be set up as described below: Paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed. The block or slide is shielded from being subjected to too much heat.

Applications

To confirm bloodstain diagnoses, the glycophorin-A test is viewed as an alternative to the human haemoglobin test. In criminal investigations, it is a crucial test.

IHC analysis of glycophorin A with interpretation The hematopoietic cells listed below express the following CD markers.

Procedure

• The immunohistochemistry test is the primary technique here.
• It is performed in the following four steps:
  • Fixation is used to preserve the integrity of the cellular morphology and tissue architecture.
  • Antigen retrieval is carried out to make more proteins readily available for detection.
  • Blocking: This is done to cut down on intrusive background noise.