Head and neck cancer is group of cancer that can affect any part of the head and neck region which may cause cancer - mouth, throat, cheek, gums, tongue, jaw bone, condyle, pharynx, nasopharynx, salivary gland, thyroid gland...
Head and neck cancer is group of cancer that can affect any part of the head and neck region which may cause cancer - mouth, throat, cheek, gums, tongue, jaw bone, condyle, pharynx, nasopharynx, salivary gland, thyroid gland or sinuses. It can affect anyone with no gender or age barrier. So let's explore this important topic in depth.
Introduction
Head and neck cancer is a group of disorders that affects the mouth, throat, nasopharynx, uvula, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, tongue, lips, salivary gland and HPV associated with sites.
It's one of the concerning diseases which accounts for 30% of all cancer cases in India. But it can be prevented, but late diagnosis, often at an incurable advanced stage is what contributes to the higher mortality rate in India.
As a best diagnostic centre, we are dedicated to promoting health and well being, we believe in providing valuable information to empower individuals to take charge of their health.
Early diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer is directly associated with the survival and quality of life.
Advanced diagnostic technology in Ganesh diagnostic centre offers an early diagnosis and accurate reports which helps in the best treatment plan for your specific type of head and neck cancer.
What is Head and Neck Cancer?
Head and neck cancer includes several types of cancer that starts from the lining of the oral cavity, throat or voice box (larynx). These cells are called squamous cells. While it is less common in the sinus or salivary gland or in the thyroid gland.
Causes and Risk Factors of Head and Neck Cancer
Several factors can increase the risk of developing head and neck cancer that includes:
Tobacco Use
Smoking tobacco or chewing tobacco, snuff or dip are major risk factors for head and neck cancer. The harmful chemicals in tobacco can damage the cells lining in the mouth, throat and other head and neck structures. Not only smoking, even exposure to secondhand smoke may also increase your risk.
Alcohol Consumption
Heavy alcohol consumption, especially combined with tobacco use, significantly increases the risk of developing head and neck cancer.
Virus associated with head and neck cancer
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) or Epstein Barr Virus
Head and neck cancer is commonly associated with HPV, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18 have been linked to an increased risk of oropharyngeal cancer which affects the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils. EBV infection can lead to nasopharyngeal cancer
Environmental Factors
Prolonged exposure to certain environmental factors such as asbestos. Wood dust and radiation.
Low Immunity
A weakened immune system makes it harder to fight against cancer.
Genetic Exposure
Genes associated with Fanconi anaemia inherit genes from the parents that increase the risk of head and neck cancer.
Poor Dental Hygiene
Poor oral hygiene, individuals who don't take care of your gums and teeth can increase the risk of periodontal disease and oral cancer.
What Are the Types of Head and Neck Cancer?
Oral Cancer- Cancer that develops in the tissues surrounding your wisdom teeth, your lips, tongue, cheeks, lips, gums, or the roof and floor of your mouth.
Oropharyngeal Cancer- cancer of the oropharynx, the central section of your throat. The most prevalent kind of oropharyngeal cancer is tonsil carcinoma.
Hyppharyngeal Cancer- cancer of the hypopharynx, the lower portion of your throat.
Laryngeal Cancer- cancer of the vocal cords located in the voice box, or larynx.
Salivary Gland Cancer- cancer of the salivary glands, which generate saliva.
Nasal or Paranasal Sinus Cancer- Cancer that develops in the nasal cavity, the hollow area within your nose, or the paranasal sinuses, the hollow spaces in the bones surrounding your nose.
Sign and Symptoms
The Sign and symptoms of head and neck cancer may vary depending on the location and stage of the cancer.
Some common symptoms include:-
- A persistent sore throat
- Frequent headaches
- Difficulty in swallowing or chewing
- Lump or swelling in the neck
- Hoarseness or voice changes
- Persistent ear pain
- Change in voice or speech
- Persistent mouth sores or ulcers that do not heal
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chronic nasal congestion or sinus problems
- Pain in upper teeth
- Problem in breathing or speaking
- Nosebleeds, saliva in blood or phlegm
- Blocked sinus that do not clear
- Pain and swelling around the eyes
- White or red patch on gums, cheek, tongue neck or side of your face.
Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer
Early detection plays a crucial role in improving the prognosis. If anyone notices any symptoms, you must contact your doctor or you can consult with the dentist as they are trained to look for the signs and symptoms of the cancer like mouth sores, swelling or change in your mouth.
Physical Examination
A physical examination is done by a doctor to look for the changes in head and neck region. They may look for lumps in lips, gum and cheeks.
Imaging Tests
Lab Tests
Healthcare providers may take a blood sample for testing - they may ask for tests like EBV and HPV, biomarker test (molecular testing) to detect the proteins which are associated with head and neck cancer.
Nasendoscopy
A thin flexible tube is used to look for nasal cavity, larynx, nasopharynx and oropharynx. This procedure is done by a specialist under general anaesthesia.
Biopsy
Doctors may advise a biopsy in which they take samples of the tissue from the affected area and these will be examined under the microscope.
Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer
Treatment of head and neck cancer may vary according to the type and location of the cancer. Treatment modalities of head and neck cancer are:-
Surgery
- Radiation Therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted Therapy
- Immunotherapy
How Can I Prevent Head and Neck Cancer?
Quit Smoking
Give up using tobacco in any form to lower your risk of head and neck cancer (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, snuff, dip, and chewing tobacco).
Reduce your alcohol intake- You can lower your risk of developing certain malignancies by cutting back on or giving up drinking.
Get HPV vaccine as it is one of the common causes of oropharyngeal cancer.
Importance of Screening
Early detection plays a crucial role in improving the prognosis and treatment outcomes of head and neck cancer. Regular screening and prompt evaluation can help in early diagnosis and facilitates timely intervention.
At Ganesh Diagnostic and Imaging Centre, we offer comprehensive screening at an affordable price.
Conclusion
Head and neck cancer is a complex and serious condition that can significantly impact an individuals health and well being. By understanding the cause, symptoms and priotrizing regular screening, individuals can take proactive steps towards early detection and effective management of this serious disease.
At the Ganesh Diagnostic Center, our commitment is to offer comprehensive care and support during all phases. Our goal is to improve treatment results and quality of life by detecting head and neck cancer early on through the use of advanced screening and diagnostic tools.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Signs of Cancer of the Head and Neck Are Present?
Head and neck cancer symptoms may include a lump in the neck or a sore in the mouth or the throat that does not heal and may be painful, a sore throat that does not go away, difficulty in swallowing, and a change or hoarseness in the voice. There are less serious illnesses that could possibly be the cause of these symptoms.
Is There a Cure for Head and Neck Cancer?
The treatment of head and neck cancer. Many head and neck cancers are curable, particularly if detected early. While curing the cancer is the main objective of treatment, it is as critical to maintain the function of the surrounding nerves, organs, and tissues.
Which Type of Head and Neck Cancer is More Prevalent?
Squamous cell carcinomas account for the majority of head and neck cancers. The flat squamous cells are where this sort of cancer starts.
What is the Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis Process?
MRI and CT scan is the best imaging technique to diagnose head and neck cancer.
In Order to improve the CT image, your doctor could inject a particular dye into a vein. Radio waves and a magnetic field are used in an MRI scan to produce images. It can identify whether tumours are spreading into the head and neck's soft tissues. It's possible to use a unique dye to improve the pictures.
